Men In Artwork Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Men In Artwork - Essay Example At that point the figure was solidified by discharge after which the craftsman would chisel the enrichments into the hard dark shell. As the age-old period developed, Greeks refined their procedures, and their models were nearly the equivalent to the Egyptians. In contrast to Egyptians, the Greeks further improved their procedures by utilizing marbles to build their models. At that point, marble was more significant and alluring than whatever other material that was accessible. Fig 5-38 shows a figure of a youngster whose body had accentuation from all rounds and on frontal view as well as the whole edge. The Greeks uncovered the innovation of a casual, regular position of a figure that is standing (Kleiner 79). It rose as the Romans started delivering best workmanship history with body parts in their ideal extents. The height showed up genuine and unconfined to the unnatural or exhausting positions they had for quite a long time. The height could be seen just as it was alive since their appendages could be believed to connect into the space. A few states developed into human feelings that showed up on their countenances. At last, fig. 3-14 denoted the appearance of a Renaissance in the fifteenth century as specialists recovered to detail the truth that the Greeks and Romans had culminated. Specialists further included an incentive with new energizing mediums and fair complexions. They could decide the sitting stance and relative size of the figure by concocting the evaporating point viewpoint. With the advanced device, it was feasible for the craftsmen to put everything in precise extent. Works of art usually indicated the presence of articles of clothing on the body. It turned out to be exceptionally well known, and the shading brought more changes as it was utilized to set a state of mind and express the inward sentiments. The craftsmen capacity to deliver exact figures in the long run started, and workmanship made to adulate God (Shary, 126). The human figures are simply used to pass on a message to the crowd, in spite of the fact that they seem huge and critical. At the point when a man has no shading by any stretch of the imagination, the

IT Ethics for Idea to Relationship with Robots - MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Examine about theIT Ethicsfor Idea to Relationship with Robots. Answer: Presentation The mechanical autonomy morals or man-made consciousness is a piece of morals in innovation. It very well may be regularly separated into the robo-morals worried about the ethical conduct of individuals as the robots are structured, developed, used by human. Be that as it may, some moral issues are found in the relationship with robots that are portrayed in the current paper. Then again, treating misleadingly knowledge just as machine morals is commonly worried about specialists moral conduct clarified in the paper. Morals in Relationship with Robots Borenstein and Arkin (2016) remarked that the expression robot morals is alluded as the ethical quality of the way toward structuring by people and developing just as utilizing the robots. It is considered as how falsely clever is utilized so as to hurt individuals alongside the way toward giving points of interest to people. What's more, robot rights are normally considered as the ethical commitments of society for machines and it is same sort of human rights. In any case, robot rights is perceived as the option to exist just as playing out own strategic can be connected to obligation of the robots in serving human with the assistance of similarity connecting with the human rights and human obligations (Koyama, 2016). It might incorporate right to the life just as freedom and opportunity of thought, correspondence alongside articulation under the watchful eye of law. Then again, the issue can be considered by the Institute for the Future. Riek and Howard (2014) affirmed that a moral concerns in regards to automated innovation are accumulated consideration with regards to how it tends to be utilized for the military inclusions. There is likewise fear about whether, and conditions in which robots can be utilized. As the mechanical technology and the self-ruling frameworks gets prospering in human-robot connections that are turning out to be progressively huge way. There are systems of connecting and controlling the innovation from oneself driving vehicles to the sex robots in the innovation. Then again, the method of understanding the advances can be intended to comprehend just as make new issues. It could help to advance trust with the clients (Richardson, 2016). In any case, turning out to be mutually dependent and over connected to the robots can causing issues in the uses of data innovation. A robot cist utilizing sociology and ethnography needs to explore communications between human-robot. Henceforth, concentratin g on the procedure of how individuals interfacing with the robots can be associated with various circumstances (van Wynsberghe, 2016). Utilizing an interdisciplinary methodology for understanding social components of the learning just as human experience incorporate the way toward working and living with the robots and distinctive rising advancements. Then again, during interfacing with individuals with intuitive robots in the general public regularly, individuals can begin creating relationship with robots. Human are competent to append a few items in standard life. On opposite, connections can be created with the ordinary items that are distinctive in critical manner from creating with the socially intelligent robots (Sharkey, 2014). In any case, socially intuitive robots act self-rulingly with basic nonhuman items that can improve desires for individuals in regards to the limits. What's more, communications between humanrobot are set up according to the standards of human to human connection and welcoming the clients to interface socially with robots. Moral contemplations about connections among human and robot and the bonds among robots and individuals can contribute better life for human. Notwithstanding, associations with individuals just as social responses to robots that are socially intelligent are basic to give a moral s hape alongside cultural and lawful viewpoints (Blum, 2016). It has been accounted for that adequately humanoid robots might be showed up in broad daylight by 2020. Be that as it may, AI program is existed, which can be comprehended by characteristic dialects just as discourse with appropriate preparing power. What's more, it very well may be hypothetically tuning in to every one of the discussion over telephone alongside perusing each email on the planet. Besides, understanding just as revealing back to the administrators of program can be actually expressed by it. An AI program can permit the Governments and various elements to the adequately smother contradict just as assaulting with adversaries (Fridin, 2014). Man-made intelligence innovation can't be utilized so as to supplant individuals in the positions, which need regard just as care that can be clarified as followed. A client assistance delegate is engaged with AI innovation previously utilized today for the framework dependent on phone for intuitive reaction in voice. What's more, a warrior, judge just as cop can be engaged with the procedure. It is required to have true emotions on the compassion from individuals in the specific positions. The machines can be supplanted to them and finding and distanced, depreciated just as baffled. Then again, man-made brainpower can be utilized in the specific way that speaks to danger to the human poise. In any case, engaging the chance of explicit machines in the positions can recommend that accomplished on decay of human soul, which originates from deduction PCs. Representing ladies just as minorities can rather take risks with the fair-minded PC. Then again, calling attention to the conditions would lean toward robotized decided just as police with no close to home motivation. Notwithstanding, human nobility needs to make progress toward expelling the numbness of nature of the presence just as AI, which is basic for endeavoring. Man-made intelligence has significant effect on mankind. Moreover, AI designers are agents of future mankind alongside moral commitment. It is straightforward in their own endeavors. Making OpenCog is considered as one of the open source structure for advancement of AI. An OpenAI is one of the non-benefit based AI inquire about organizations, has purposed to create open source that is useful to the humankind (Westlund, Breazeal Story, 2015). There are a few open source programs for AI advancements. Then again, a portion of the specialists just as scholastics have been addressed for utilizing of the robots in military battle. Henceforth, giving some level of the self-governing capacities should be considered for it. The US Navy gives the reserve to military robots to turn out to be increasingly unpredictable and need to have regard for the procedure of ramifications of the capacity for building up independent choices. The self-ruling robots can be progressively human for settling on choices in increasingly successful manner. Be that as it may, the morals of machine ethic is remembered for the examination field is worried about structuring for Artificial Moral Agents. The misleadingly canny PCs can carry on ethically. Three Laws of Robotics should be represented for misleadingly canny frameworks (Wolf, Grodzinsky Miller, 2016). These three would separate and make incomprehensible just as unforeseen conduct. What's more, the work proposes that there is no arrangement of fixed laws adequately foreseen by the all conditions End From the above conversation it tends to be inferred that, the man-made brainpower or automated morals is one of the center subjects associated with BioWare's Mass Effect arrangement of the games. It very well may be investigated with human advancement situation and coincidentally created through AI a fast increment in the computational force by worldwide scale for neural system. The occasion is generally caused moral split between the sentiments in presenting natural rights. Henceforth, it is required to appropriately proceed so as to see as dispensable hardware framework just as battle for pulverizing them. In any case, past of introductory clash and multifaceted nature of connection between robots just as their makers are viewed as appropriately through all perspectives. References Blum, P. R. (2016). Robots, Slaves, and the Paradox of the Human Condition in Isaac Asimovs Robot Stories.Roczniki Kulturoznawcze,7(3), 5-24. Borenstein, J., Arkin, R. C. (2016, June). Robots, Ethics, and Intimacy: The Need for Scientific Research. InProc. Conf. Int. Assoc. Comput. Philos.. Fridin, M. (2014). Kindergarten social assistive robot: First gathering and moral issues.Computers in Human Behavior,30, 262-272. Koyama, T. (2016, July). Moral issues for social robots and the trust-based methodology. InAdvanced Robotics and its Social Impacts (ARSO), 2016 IEEE Workshop on(pp. 1-5). IEEE. Richardson, K. (2016). The asymmetrical'relationship': matches among prostitution and the advancement of sex robots.ACM SIGCAS Computers and Society,45(3), 290-293. Riek, L. D., Howard, D. (2014). A code of morals for the human-robot collaboration calling. Sharkey, A. (2014). Robots and human pride: a thought of the impacts of robot care on the poise of more established people.Ethics and Information Technology,16(1), 63-75. van Wynsberghe, A. (2016).Healthcare robots: Ethics, plan and usage. Routledge. Westlund, J. K., Breazeal, C., Story, A. (2015). Trickery, Secrets, Children, and Robots: Whats Acceptable. InWorkshop on The Emerging Policy and Ethics of Human-Robot Interaction, held related to the tenth ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction. Wolf, M. J., Grodzinsky, F., Miller, K. W. (2016). Robots, Ethics and SoftwareFOSS versus Restrictive Licenses. InComputing and Philosophy(pp. 271-282). Springer International Publishing.

Packing for Winter Break

Packing for Winter Break As the end of winter break is approaching, I came into the realization that it is important to know how to pack for a month. Even though this is my third year in the university, I somehow still manage to overpack my clothes and try to fit everything inside my suitcase. You live and you learn. Its not a bad situation compared to others. However, before leaving I was stressing with what I wanted to bring. Truth is, half of the clothes that I brought I ended up not wearing. Here are some tips that I was able to collect and learn throughout my break. Tip #1 Check the weather before packing and leaving for your destination! Since it is winter, remember to pack layers that you wouldn’t mind wearing all throughout your break. Well, that is the case if you are heading back to a cold-temperature environment. Checking the weather could potentially decrease the headaches of what and what not to bring. Tip #2 This might be time-consuming, but plan your outfits! Look straight at your clothes and decide if you are going to truly wear them. Think about the holidays or upcoming parties that you might have. Prioritize those outfits first and then go with the flow. Tip #3 Look at your schedule. Will you be going out a lot with your friends, or will this break be a more chill, self-collective type of a break? From my experience, I should’ve followed this tip to its core. Of course, I went out here and there, but I believe I went overboard because I did not use as many clothes as I wanted to. Tip #4 Leave room in the bag that you are using to store your clothes. You might find yourself buying new outfits or bringing jackets that you have forgotten for winter when you go back to campus. Nobody wants to have a bag thats about to burst. I hope these quick tips help you pack once the time comes for you! Luis Class of 2021 I was born and raised in Cicero, Illinois. Although I entered Illinois as an English major, I trusted my gut and switched to Journalism. Coming to a big institution and being a first-generation student can feel like a handful. However, knowing your resources and getting out of your comfort zone can help in the long run.

Analysis on New Drug Policies in Hong Kong - 1555 Words

Analysis on New Drug Policies: The drug policy in Hong Kong is a complete ban on drugs. While some statistics have shown lesser drug use in recent years, its probably due to more hidden use. (CSD FA1. Given the recent study showing the loss of productivity from incarceration, we shall analyze new policies towards drug use especially the proposed legislation involving legalization of Marijuana. Effects of proposed scheme of Legalization of Marijuana: Economic: Taxation of Marijuana are regulation. This would provide extra income for government. However, if the tax is too high, than given the difference between production costs and the price in the legal market, smuggling may continue, as with the situation of smuggled cigarettes in Hong Kong where one in three is illicit(Ngo Jennifer). Hong Kong on bans smoking in indoor public areas, however the tax on cigarettes is very heavy, this in turn encourage vast amounts of smuggled cigarettes in Hong Kong. If the same were to happen to Marijuana, than that would defeat the purpose of regularizing it, neither preventing the profiting of the criminal organizations, nor taking them from hands of the young. Neither would the cost of incarceration from drug related crimes diminish significantly, as illegal Marijuana must still be prosecuted. Calculation of cost to society cannot be measured simply by dollars spent on prosecution or loss of productivity from jailing. What the effects of legalization would depend on the elasticity ofShow MoreRelatedInternational Marketing: Case Study of Sony Corporation2556 Words   |  10 PagesCorporation is one of the leading global companies in the IT industry, creating products such as television sets, video games, telephones and so on. Currently, the company is assessing its position in Hong Kong in an effort to identify the success chances of its DSLR camera. The market place in Hong Kong is generally appealing to the companys prospects regarding the sale of its DSLR camera in the region and this is due to a stable economic context, a simplistic and free political regime, as well asRead MoreDrug Abuse in Hk8526 Words   |  35 PagesThe Causes of Drug Abuse in Hong Kong Prepared by: Table of Contents Introduction---------------------------------------------------------------P .4 Causes of abusing substances by young people P.5-6 Causes of Abuse and Difficulties of Giving Up P.7-8 Motivations hindered behind for risking lives-P.9-10 Hong Kong Youth Caught in Wave of Ketamine Addiction P.11-12 Insights into the motivations of the drug user in Hong KongP.13-14 Conclusion----------------------------------------------------------------PRead MoreComparison of business ethics in different countries.3369 Words   |  14 PagesContents Business Ethics compared in three countries: U.S.A., Hong Kong, and Russia. 1.Introduction 2.Issues 3.Importance of issues 4.Advantages/disadvantages of the presence or lack of business ethics 5.Safety, ethics, welfare 6.Comparison of ethical business in several countries 7.Conclusion--Which country is the leader of business ethics Three Main Issues: 1.What is the current knowledge and participation of each country of business ethics? 2.How do the countries use business ethicsRead MoreThe Role Of Social Networking Platform2493 Words   |  10 Pagesmedia† that impacts both economic and political activities. Examples of Facebook influencing the study of International Political Economy are plenty and prevalent, including its roles in spreading information about jobs and wage information, discovering new products and services, sharing reviews on technologies as well as helping businesses to advertise their brands and reaching out to customers locally and globally. As shown in Table 1.1, internet based business such as Facebook can play as a catalystRead MoreValuing Project Achieve1744 Words   |  7 Pagesfocus on learning techniques of financial analysis, selecting an appropriate valuation model, analyzing the quality of financial data, finding an appropriate discount rate, and forecasting financial variables and cash flows. Corporate Finance course is strongly suggested as a prerequisite. Consult with facul ty if this can be waived. Course Materials Textbooks: 1. Principles of Corporate Finance by R.A. Brearly, S. Myers, and F. Allen, 10th edition* 2. Analysis for Financial Management by R.C. HigginsRead MoreHousing Policies And Its Effect On An Individuals Physical And Mental Health1850 Words   |  8 Pagesinadequacies of a housing unit, social policy and social institutions can also contribute to such harms. Undoubtedly, if minimum housing quality standards are not guaranteed, there will be a damaging impact on the resident’s quality of life and ultimately, their physical health. This paper will discuss housing policy and design and its correlation to respiratory diseases in the city of Hong Kong, proposing an intervention for tuberculosis treatment. Hong Kong stands as one of the most densely packedRead MoreWhat Makes Fake And What Types Of Products, There Are Fakes Essay1533 Words   |  7 Pagesof luxury brands. 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The Undisputed Truth About 500 Word Essay Samples That the Experts Dont Want You to Know

The Undisputed Truth About 500 Word Essay Samples That the Experts Don't Want You to Know This writing company makes sure their papers are all the amazing quality and all the customers are pleased. If you neglect to deliver a very good paper, it can have rather negative consequences to the detriment of the education procedure. The increasing number of essay writing services is wholly overwhelming. Moreover, our academic writing teams are wholly aware small business laws, company laws and taxation laws followed in various nations. Now, getting serious, think of what question you're attempting to reply. Usually, it doesn't take too long, but everything depends upon this issue you pick. On occasion a superior instance of what you're attempting to achieve is well worth a 1000 words of advice! Taking the time and effort in writing a really special statement within the established word limit is vital to your application. Whispered 500 Word Essay Samples Secrets Your 500 words essay is an instance of your writing skills, talent and a comprehensive research, therefore it is required to know its common structure to be in a position to present yourself in the very best light. There are hundreds and hundreds of essays delivered on daily basis, which means you will need to ensure your ideas stick out from the rest and that it is possible to give rise to the audience. In case the topic isn't familiar to you, you are going to have to conduct additional research. Just be sure you decide on an intriguing topic and have sufficient time in advance to polish your essay! The Number One Question You Must Ask for 500 Word Essay Samples When there is anything you're able to cut from the essay without doing any damage to the general significance of the piece, cut it out. Thus, you'd probably have a nap and clear your head. The very first thing you ought to understand, besides a 500 word essay length, is the fact that it requires an outline. In such a way, you can make certain that you don't exceed the necessary amount of words. Purchase a 500-word essay from the very best custom writing service on the net stop wasting time and get timely writing help now! A good idea is going to be to encourage the reader to dive deeper into the topic and find out more about this issue from several sources. To begin with, it grabs the interest of your readers. Depart from your readers with a sense of completeness. When you've finished writing, do something else for some time to let your head off the essay and read your work as though you weren't the author. Although your essay should look as a detective story, there's nothing bad about giving a little hint about a potential evolution of your topic. From time to time, the best method to learn and understand new information is via seeing and understanding work which is already completed. The best thing of writing is that you're able to use your individual style, provide an exceptional strategy and s hare your views with the world. The longest and most essential part of your essay is the body, where you're predicted to display your very best work. You might be asking yourself how many pages this variety of words will take. For instance, if you're using MS Word, the term count is visible in the base of the screen, in the left corner. There are many ground rules of a suitable outline for this kind of essay. Conclusions, given their status in the text, are what stays with the readers when they finish the entire piece. To grab readers' attention from the beginning, the author has to bring a hook into the very first paragraph. Although essay writing is among the most frequent assignments, it may look just like you won't ever learn all the rules and requirements. In conclusion, it appears that assignment essays continue to get a prominent part in tertiary education as an assessment tool. An introduction is targeted at two chief targets. Moreover, to learn to compose an informative essays you need to understand its structure. Even in the event that you use essay samples, attempt to compose your paper by yourself. Informative essays ought to start with completing an outline. It's also advisable to don't forget that the 500-words essay introduction is intended to be brief and informative. You're already acqua inted with the 500-word essay format and structure they are the exact same as for a normal essay, and that means you won't have any problems there. Anyway, this kind of essay calls for a particular outline. Attempt to make independent analysis whether you've managed to get the purpose of your essay. The Worst Essay Topics for College is another really practical post, although it won't provide you any wonderful ideas. The same is applicable to top essay writers.

Business Practices Free Essays

string(195) " contest because the costs associated with litigation would have been greater than the fines, and litigation would have diverted management attention from firm operations† \(Ronald: 507\)\." Business practices came under fire when America’s seventh largest firm Enron collapsed due to unethical accounting strategies. This case triggered a series of unwelcome events where one after the other, large organizations in the US collapsed or run for bankruptcy cover with one case even implicated the infamous Martha Stewart for insider trading. The various deceitful activities of some larger companies resulted in widespread public mistrust of business practices and values. We will write a custom essay sample on Business Practices or any similar topic only for you Order Now Companies as big as Adelphia, ENRON, Global Crossing, Kmart, Qwest communications, WorldCom and Xerox are all under thorough investigation by one of the few reliable authorities, Securities and Exchange Commission (Royal Bank of Scotland). All the aforementioned names were business of international repute that were charged with the unethical act of projecting inflated profits to trick stakeholders and earn higher profits and generate greater revenue from expensive stocks (Royal Bank of Scotland). WorldCom ran for insolvency in July 2002, making it one of the biggest bankruptcies of all times (Royal Bank of Scotland). Both World Com and ENRON hugely overstated their profits and hence committed the major crime of misleading stockholders. â€Å"World Com Inc. , the US No. 2 long distance Company fraudulently overstated profits by nearly 7 billion dollars in last few years. Analysts, brokers and accountants moved like herds to promote their stock† (Royal Bank of Scotland). Enron was another major setback to the industry and economy when its unethical accounting practices resulted in a huge financial crunch. The accounts of the company showed that Enron’s revenues in 2000 were over $100 billion. Enron was growing rapidly as it was selected by Fortune magazine as one of those companies whose stocks were most likely to last the entire first decade of the 21st century. Enron was performing well in all its three business namely energy, wholesale and global services. Enron’s bankruptcy then took the world by complete surprise, as this was not only the biggest collapse in the United States in recent years, it was also the fastest. Before filing for bankruptcy in December last year, Enron was the seventh largest company of the United States as it turned its businesses into monopolies by dominating all areas of its various operations. But a company that looked so powerful only a year ago collapsed dramatically when one of its accountants began raising questions about those shady transactions which had managed to conceal the company’s negative debt position from its accounting books. But slowly and gradually Enron’s problems began unrolling in front of the public and it became clear that all the profits shown by the company were simply an illusion. ENRON as well as World Com both had managed to make these blunders with the Arthur Anderson, that was reportedly, â€Å"one of the top five accountancy firms in the world† that doctored accounting books of ENRON â€Å"and later shredded vital documents at several of their office locations including London† (Royal Bank of Scotland). Ethical crisis in business is definitely a hot issue these days. With no respite in sight and probably no long term solution available, public has become wary of American corporate world. It appears that every other day, a large organization makes headlines for fraudulent actions. What is even more ironic is that these unethical practices have mostly involved large accounting firms: organizations that are created with the sole purpose of providing honest third-part services. The major accountancy organizations that have been found involved in ethical crisis included Arthur Andersen, KPMG, Price Waterhouse Coopers and others (Royal Bank of Scotland). In addition to these â€Å"in May 2002, Myrill Lynch was fined $100 million for over rating various stocks of blue chip companies and apologized for doing so in N. Y district court† (Royal Bank of Scotland). Furthermore, â€Å"many of the analysts of investment/Merchant Banks hype stock prices and profit forecasts of companies with whom they do business with† (Royal Bank of Scotland). Apart from accounting errors, there are other illegal and unethical practices that companies have been consistently resorted to. Unethical activities like â€Å"dumping polluted chemical wastes into rivers, insider trading on Wall Street, overcharging the government for Medicaid services, and institutions like Stanford University inappropriately using taxpayer money to buy a yacht or to enlarge their President’s bed in his home as morally wrong† (Ronald: 505) are the bane of business today. Nonetheless, such unethical practices are undertaken every other day with little or no regard for the well being of people. Sense of social responsibility is thus missing from our mighty corporate world today. Two important cases in this regard are as follows: Allegheny Bottling is one of the Pepsi-Cola Bottling franchises, which came under severe criticism when it was found guilty of price-fixing. It is a common practice which is nonetheless unethical (Ronald: 505). The case went to federal courts where it was decided that since ever senior executive knew of the price fixing practice and did not report it, they were all partners in crime. The court then ordered three years in prison for the entire senior management, some of whom were not directly involved but knew of the plan and chose to remain silent. The firm was also fined 1 million dollars as fine but the problem with the sentence was that a firm cannot be imprisoned under the Constitutional Law and thus what the federal court ordered was not applicable in practice. (Ronald: 505). Another such case that underscores the need for better practices and more ethically sound business code concerned Harris Corporations. This firm had incurred huge losses, amounting to more than $500,000 when they were heavily fined for their fraudulent practices. But instead of pleading not guilty or contesting, the firm quickly and calmly â€Å"pleaded no contest to charges that it participated in a kickback scheme involving a defense department loan to the Philippines† (Ronald: 506). This was an irresponsible strategy to cover up unethical practices of the firm and the CEO explained it later in these terms: â€Å"The firm and its employees were not guilty of criminal conduct; top managers pleaded no contest because the costs associated with litigation would have been greater than the fines, and litigation would have diverted management attention from firm operations† (Ronald: 507). You read "Business Practices" in category "Essay examples" Both the aforementioned cases reflect the loopholes and the weakening moral and ethical values in the corporate world. Nonetheless, the former case pertaining to the unethical practices of the Pepsi-cola franchise reveals that there are various firms that though realizing, knowingly commit crimes and conform to illegal and unethical practices. However, in the latter case, the management as well as the executives performed an unethical act, which they were ignorant of due to vague laws. Consequently, the above discussion reveals that one of the major motivations behind performing illegal acts is the reward that is offered by the executives or the employers themselves to induce unethical behavior for personal gains in terms of huge profits by illegal means. It has been observed that executives who offer bribes to other parties involved in business dealings are rewarded for transgressing code of ethics and many a times righteous individuals are scared to let the cat out of the bag, fearing the dire consequences that might place their jobs in danger. Therefore, another apparent reason of unethical behavior in the workplaces that promotes illegal practices is the fact that employees at all levels are either directly or indirectly rewarded for unethical acts or harshly abandoned by the materialistic world for going against the norm of practicing evils. Another reason as explained by Jansen and Von Glinow through their exhaustive study is that encouraging â€Å"counternorms† in an organization is also a form of promoting unethical standards in a company in order to save the firm’s name or to avoid charges. These experts believe that â€Å"within organizations, it is often considered not only acceptable but desirable, to be much more secretive and deceitful. The practice of stonewalling, willingly hiding relevant information is quite common. One reason for this is that organizations may actually punish those who are too open and honest† (Ronald: 505). There are innumerable examples and real-life situations wherein employees were offered special incentives and bonuses as well as other monetary benefits for deliberately not disclosing the actual picture thereby hiding the true story. B. F. Goodrich is one of the employers utilizing such filthy strategies to gain acceptance and to enhance the international reputation. He offered great monetary gains to all his employees who provided him with and generated pseudo figures, with the help of which, he managed to receive a certificate for high â€Å"quality aircraft brakes† (Ronald: 509). In addition to the above, Metropolitan Edison also bribed their employees and compelled them to keep all the necessary and relevant details pertaining to the Three Mile Island endoplasmic mishap from the governmental agencies and other investigation firms (Ronald: 511). Thus the cases mentioned above lucidly prove the experts view that organizations advocate â€Å"counternorms of secrecy and deceitfulness. Because these practices are commonly rewarded and accepted suggests that organizations may be operating within a world that dictates its own set of accepted rules. This reasoning suggests a second answer to the question of why organizations knowingly act unethically namely, because managerial values exist that undermine integrity† (Ronald: 512). We all know by now that ethical problems exist in firms and when it is not in the form of major unethical practices like accounting fraud, monopolistic strategies or price-fixing issues, they can exist in the form of small white lies. While they may not be intended to harm anyone, but they certainly mislead the public thus creating a huge gap between actual reality and projected reality. And what is really disturbing is the fact that while some unethical practiced are condemned by law, there are others for which no legal respite is available. False advertising is one such issue. False advertising is certainly an ethical issue, which cannot be controlled through legal action. This is because while there are certain trade laws, which prohibit misrepresentation, advertising firms and their clients can always invoke First Amendment in order to retain their right of freedom of speech. But it is the ethical duty of the companies to present their commodities in the positive light without completely altering the reality. There are different ways in which advertising can deceive the viewers and potential customers. The one important method often used by most advertisers is the misrepresentation method where products are made to appear better than they really are. While we cannot do anything about instilling a sense of ethical responsibility in these people, it is still important for the customers and viewers to ignore useless and senseless advertisement. The Editor of The World I (1996) writes, â€Å"The Supreme Court has held that advertising, at least much of it, is protected by the First Amendment’s freedom of speech provisions. Thus, advertising is an important and protected form of speech, similar to journalism or statements of political opinion. So, rather than reject advertising outright, we need to learn how to discern the acceptable and useful from the unacceptable and worthless. Besides, everyone actually does accept and use advertising–namely that which promotes products or services or causes that one favors. † For this reason, while we may not always be able to control unethical problems concerning the business world, we must realize that it is the responsibility of companies to ensure that ethical violations are avoided at all costs. Firm must introduce the codes of ethics and make them suitable according to the nature of the job. These rules and regulations must envelope â€Å"relations with government organizations, relations with customers and suppliers and employee conflicts of interest, honesty, etc. † (Creating an ethical organization). It is also recommended that the organizations â€Å"provide general principles and detailed guidelines, including policies related to violations† and must make sure not to â€Å"overload people with unnecessary information† for that might result in the loss of interest and extreme agitation of the entire notion. Moreover, executives as well as managers are advised to enforce the code with proper training and effective communication. How to cite Business Practices, Essay examples

Thomas Paine Contributions free essay sample

Thomas Paine was a founding father who has contributed to he war by writing two pamphlets, Common Sense and The American Crisis, writing articles, and donating money. Even thought he is an English Quaker, he still believes In the cause. As Thomas Paine writes In Common Sense, In England a king hath little more to do than to make war and give away places; which in plain terms, is to impoverish the nation and set it together by the ears. A pretty business indeed for a man to be allowed eight hundred thousand sterling a year for, and worshipped Into the bargain!Of more worth is one honest man to society and in the sight of God, than al the crowned ruffians that ever lived. Thomas Paine was a man who contributed to the revolutionary war by writing and publishing pamphlets and articles to boost the moral and hopes of the patriots. We will write a custom essay sample on Thomas Paine: Contributions or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Today, he is remembered for his contributions to the revolutionary war through his famous quotes and writings. Thomas Paine was born In January 29. 1727, In a small town of Debtors. England, and too Quaker Father. Joseph Paine and an Anglican mother, Frances Paine. At the age of six, he attended a school where he learned writing, math, the Bible, and Latin.But Thomas didnt like Latin during his school years. So the age of 12. He was kicked out of school due to his refusal to learning Latin, regardless of his good grades. After that, he went to be a corset maker with his dad. After 6 years of poking his hands with the needle, he ran away on a ship called the prince of Persia at the age of 1 6 and spent the next 4 years on sea. After his career ended, he went to live at London and started a corset store. After a few years, Tom has met a girl named Mary. They then fell in love and happily married. But 2 years after their marriage, Mary dies. Soon, Tom got depressed and went bankrupt and penniless. Hopes seemed lost until he was introduced to Ben Franklin by a friend. Franklin said to Tom to go to the colonies and start a new life. So Tom Immigrated to the colonies. When he got there, he was Incredibly sick due to the ships conditions. But he got the best medical care because he knew Benjamin Franklin. After six weeks, he has recovered from his illness and he has gotten a new home and found a Job as a Journalist for The Pennsylvania Magazine. After and year after his arrival, he has heard of the rumors of breaking away from England, starting a revolution, and fund a new country.When he heard this, he began to write down a pamphlet, called Common Sense. In Just three months, It was finished. There he wrote Common Sense on January 10, 1776, and The American Crisis on December 23, 1776. After the publications and the revolution war, he went on to live in England, where he worked on a smokeless candle and an iron bridge. He also wrote The Rights of Man in response to criticism of the French Revolution. This work caused Paine to e labeled an outlaw In England for his anti-monarchist views. He would have been imprisoned in France for not endorsing the execution of king Louis WI.During his imprisonment, he wrote and distributed the first part of what was to become his most famous work at the time called The Age of Reason, written on January 29, 1791. He was freed in 1794 (narrowly escaping execution) thanks to the efforts of James Monroe. Paine remained in France until 1802 when he returned to America on an invitation from Thomas Jefferson. Paine discovered that his contributions to the American Revolution had been all but eradicated due to his religious views. Derided by the public and abandoned by his friends, he died on June 8, 1809 at the age of 72 in New York City. Common Sense, one of the most prestigious pamphlets in history, was written anonymously by Thomas Paine on January 29, 1776. Because of this book, he has earned the right to be titled the founding father of the United States of America. Six months before publication, Thomas Paine was already famous through the colonies at the time because of his articles and arguments against the king. When he has heard about the anxiety of going to war with Great Britain, he has hatched an Idea to write a pamphlet on why the Colonies should go to rebel against the king.The goals of this pamphlet was to go and persuade the unsure colonists to join the cause and to encourage the patriots to go to war. In Common Sense, he wrote, As my wish was to serve an oppressed people, and assist in a Just and good cause, I conceived that the honor of it would be promoted by my declining to make even the usual profits of an author. After the war started nine months before, the kook was published because only one-thirds of the colonial population believed in the cause, while another third were unsure on which side they should Join.So af ter the pamphlet went around, the patriots have an increase on solders for their militias. It also boosted the patriots hopes on the separation from Great Britain. Not only did it console people, but explains all the reasons why America should be independent and free from tyranny. This pamphlet contributed hugely to the war because it made the rebels spark a new found hope by counseling them. Another pamphlet Thomas Paine wrote was The American Crisis. This pamphlet was written on December 23, 1776, the darkest day of the revolutionary war for the patriots.The rebels were weak, sick, and on the verge of dying and losing the war. George Washington needed help desperately. Then Thomas Paine aided him, the continental army, and the rebels with yet another pamphlet. This one is about why the patriots should keep on pushing for their independence and why they must not quit. In one of the sections in the pamphlet, it states, These are the times that try mens souls: The summer soldier ND the sunshine patriot will, in this crisis, shrink from the service of their country; but he that stands it now, deserves the love and thanks of man and woman. When this was read, it made a turning point to the war. Rebels were never as happy and glorified as before. This pamphlet has literally saved the war and Washington. If it wasnt for Thomas Paine, we would be in British hands. The American Crisis has helped the rebels create a new nation and to continue to pursue for their independence. With hopes almost extinguished, Thomas Paine came to aid the rebels tit the comfort of words and reading.This is a huge contribution to the war because without him, George Washington would get his head chopped of and there would not be a United States of America. This even inspired Washington to go and man who contributed to the revolutionary war by writing and publishing pamphlets and articles to boost the moral and hopes of the patriots. Today, he is remembered for his contributions to the revolutionary war by his writings. He has mad Common Sense and The American Crisis to boost the morale of the patriots and to help create the state of the union.

Events Leading Up To The American Revolution Essays - Free Essays

Events Leading Up To The American Revolution Essays - Free Essays Events Leading up to the American Revolution With the research that I have done, I have come up with the following information on the events leading to the American Revolution. After the French-Indian War the British Government decided to reap greater benefits from the colonies. The colonies were pressed with greater taxes without any representation in Britain. This eventually lead to the Boston Tea Party. In retaliation the British passed what are now considered the Intolerable (or Coercive Acts) to bring the colonies to the heal of the King. The Intolerable (or Coercive Acts) *Quartering Act: Effective March 24, 1765 This bill required that colonial authorities to furnish barracks and supplies to British troops. In 1766, it was expanded to public houses and unoccupied buildings. *Stamp Act: Effective March 24, 1765 This bill raised revenue in the American colonies. The bill require that all legal documents, licenses, commercial contracts, newspapers, pamphlets, and playing cards to have a tax stamp on them. This act was already in place in Great Britain and just extended itself into the colonies. It was put in place to raise money to cut the costs of keeping the military troops in the colonies. It was undebated in Britain, but it brought much opposition among the colonists, who said that it was because they had no representation in Parliament, and that they couldn?t be taxed without having some voice in the matters. Colonial businessmen stopped importing British goods until Britain would repeal the act. Most of the colonists refused to use the stamps on business papers and courts would not use them on official documents. Since it was opposed by the British business community the act was repealed by the British Parliament on March 4, 1766, after Benjamin Franklin, Pennsylvania?s representative in London, spoke on behalf of the American colonists. It?s repeal was followed by the Declaratory Act which gave the British Government the right to legally tax the colonists by any acts they wanted. *Boston Port Act: Effective June 1, 1774 This bill closed the port of Boston to all colonists until, the damages from the Boston Tea Party were paid for. The bill also moved the seat of government of the Massachusetts Bay Colony from Boston to Salem. Most of the colonists were upset and showed sorrow for the town by setting, the day that the bill went into effect, aside as a day of fasting and of prayer. To make sure that this act was enforced correctly British troops were sent to Boston, along with enough boats to blockade the port. however there where towns in New England that sent grain and other types of food to Boston. *Administration of Justice Act: Effective May 20, 1774 This bill stated that British Officials could not be tried in provincial courts for capital crimes. They would be extradited back to Britain and tried there. This effectively gave the British free reign to do whatever they wished, because no justice would be served while they were still in the colonies. *Massachusetts Government Act: Effective May 20, 1774 This bill effectively annulled the charter of the colonies, giving the British Governor complete control of the town meetings, and taking control out of the hands of the colonists. *Quebec Act: Effective May 20, 1774 This bill extended the Canadian borders to cut off The Western Colonies of Connecticut, Massachusetts, and Virginia. Although this was not passed as one of the Intolerable Acts it is considered to be one of them because it stopped forward progress of the colonies and took some of their land. Events *Sugar Smuggling trade flourished for many decades, while the British government made few attempts to enforce the Molasses Act. In 1764, realizing they had massive losses of potential revenue, the new prime minister of Britain, George Grenville, started a policy of strict enforcement of the customs laws, and later that year the Molasses Act was replaced by the Sugar Act. The provisions of this new act raised the tax on sugar and lowered the tax on molasses; added a tax to Madeira wine; and imposed a difficult bonding procedure to be applied to all shipped merchandise. The Sugar Act was generally enforced although its tax was eventually lowered. *Townshend Acts: This bill was passed by Parliament in 1767, affecting the Thirteen Original Colonies The first part of the bill suspended the New York Assembly, penalizing it for not complying with a law, that was enacted two years beforehand. That reprimanded the colonies to house the

Definition and Examples of Linguistic Variation

Definition and Examples of Linguistic Variation The term linguistic variation (or simply variation) refers to regional, social, or contextual differences in the ways that a particular language is used. Variation between languages, dialects, and speakers is known as interspeaker variation. Variation within the language of a single speaker is called intraspeaker variation. Since the rise of sociolinguistics in the 1960s, interest in linguistic variation (also called linguistic variability)  has developed rapidly. R.L. Trask notes that variation, far from being peripheral and inconsequential, is a vital part of ordinary linguistic behavior (Key Concepts in Language and Linguistics, 2007). The formal study of variation is known as variationist (socio)linguistics. All aspects of language (including phonemes, morphemes, syntactic structures, and meanings) are subject to variation. Examples and Observations Linguistic variation is central to the study of language use. In fact it is impossible to study the language forms used in natural texts without being confronted with the issue of linguistic variability. Variability is inherent in human language: a single speaker will use different linguistic forms on different occasions, and different speakers of a language will express the same meanings using different forms. Most of this variation is highly systematic: speakers of a language make choices in pronunciation, morphology, word choice, and grammar depending on a number of non-linguistic factors. These factors include the speakers purpose in communication, the relationship between speaker and hearer, the production circumstances, and various demographic affiliations that a speaker can have.(Randi Reppen et al., Using Corpora to Explore Linguistic Variation. John Benjamins, 2002)Linguistic Variation and Sociolinguistic VariationThere are  two types of language variation: linguistic and sociolinguistic. With linguistic variation, the alternation between elements is categorically constrained by the linguistic context in which they occur. With sociolinguistic variation, speakers  can choose between elements in the same linguistic context and, hence the alternation is probabilistic. Furthermore, the probability of one form  being chosen over another is also affected in a probabilistic way by a range of extra-linguistic factors [e.g. the degree of (in)formality of the topic under discussion, the social status of the speaker and of the interlocutor, the setting in which communication takes place, etc.](Raymond Mougeon et al.,  The Sociolinguistic Competence of Immersion Students. Multilingual Matters, 2010) Dialectal VariationA dialect is variation in grammar and vocabulary in addition to sound variations. For example, if one person utters the sentence John is a farmer and another says the same thing except pronounces the word farmer as fahmuh, then the difference is one of accent. But if one person says something like You should not do that and another says Ya hadnt oughta do that, then this is a dialect difference because the variation is greater. The extent of dialect differences is a continuum. Some dialects are extremely different and others less so.(Donald G. Ellis, From Language to Communication. Routledge, 1999)Types of Variation[R]egional variation is only one of many possible types of differences among speakers of the same language. For example, there are occupational dialects (the word bugs means something quite different to a computer programmer and an exterminator), sexual dialects (women are far more likely than men to call a new house adorable), and educational dialects ( the more education people have, the less likely they are to use double negatives). There are dialects of age (teenagers have their own slang, and even the phonology of older speakers is likely to differ from that of young speakers in the same geographical region) and dialects of social context (we do not talk the same way to our intimate friends as we do to new acquaintances, to the paperboy, or to our employer). . . . [R]egional dialects are only one of many types of linguistic variation.(C. M. Millward and Mary Hayes, A Biography of the English Language, 3rd ed. Wadsworth, 2012) Linguistic Variables- [T]he introduction of the quantitative approach to language description has revealed important  patterns of linguistic behaviour which were previously invisible. The concept of a sociolinguistic variable has become central to the  description of speech. A variable is some point of usage for which two or more competing forms are available in a community, with speakers showing interesting and significant differences in the frequency with which they use one or another of these competing forms.Furthermore, it has been discovered that variation is typically the vehicle of language change.(R.L. Trask,  Key Concepts in Language and Linguistics. Routledge, 1999/2005)- Lexical variables are fairly straightforward, as long as we can show that the two variantssuch as the choice between soda and pop for a carbonated beverage in American Englishrefer to the same entity. Thus, in the case of soda and pop, we need to take into account that for many U.S. southerners, Coke (when used to refer to a beverage and not the steel-making fuel or the illicit narcotic) has the same referent as soda, whereas in other parts of the U.S., Coke refers to a single brand/flavour of the beverage . . ..(Scott F. Kiesling,  Linguistic Variation and Change. Edinburgh University Press, 2011)

The Importance of Research in Assessing Educational System Essay

The Importance of Research in Assessing Educational System - Essay Example Through this process, the mandate on the capability of the administrators to create the most possible ways available to recreate an existing system of teaching for the sake of better learning procedures offered to the stakeholders of the situation, the students. Besides, the research proceedings designed to make the systems better are noted to make great impact on the ways by which teachers apply the efficacy in the profession that they have taken responsibility of. Education has and will always be an important aspect in the society. This idea is mainly true because of the fact that it ensures an individual sense of responsibility and it promotes independence by equipping individuals in the society valuable knowledge and skills for them to survive and become existent to their purpose. In general perspective, education significantly promotes the development and further advancement of the society as a whole by enabling the young people to become knowledgeable individuals capable of enhancing the current lifestyle and culture of the society. Thus, in like manner, the act and concept of teaching is indeed significant since it is one and the major link between education and the society. Teaching in either private or public educational institutions is always perceived to be a great and respectable profession however, challenges and problems also exist in this field. Personally, this author also recognizes the importance of the concept of teaching to the society because of its significant benefits it offers for the individuals seeking knowledge and education. Secular teaching in the established educational institutions is generally considered by this author as a profession that is well honored and valued by the people . However, many problems and issues are still needed to be address and developed to fully recognize the significance of this concept for the society. The constant change in the society then defines the importance of continuously developing the educational systems that are present in the society hence increasing the competence of teaching among the instructors of learning in support to the developments that the human community takes into serious consideration. Believably, the importance of choosing the right research design to assess the community from their willingness to approve the needed adjustments in teaching has a great impact on the manner of educating the society making each curriculum presentations rather comprehensively effective for the learners to grasp. Society has always been increasing and the population and likewise its number of students because of which, facilities in the educational institutions must also be expanded to accommodate the said increase. This author believes that every student has their own right to claim and have access to education thus they must be given a way for

Strategic Management and Leadership Report on Apple Inc Essay

Strategic Management and Leadership Report on Apple Inc - Essay Example The researcher of this paper tells that the initial years of the company exhibited great prospects for Apple Computer, Inc., but soon the company had massive declining sales. This was primarily because of the technological failures more than any other reason. During this period Apple Computer produced microcomputers as a way forward from the computers that were produced by the IBM’s mainframe computers. Though the Apple I started off well, in the early years of 1980s, the sales for Apple Computers drastically reduced, as the platform (Macintosh) of the Apple was not compatible with the prevalent computers of the time. In the mid-1980s after continuing to experience declining, the sales company founder Steve Jobs was fired from his own organization. During Job’s absence the company was negatively affected by the introduction of competitor Microsoft’s DOS operating system. Soon, the market leadership of Apple was a thing of past, as Microsoft was more user friendly . Steve Jobs would eventually rejoin the company and call for a series of new ideas. The company placed new emphasis on innovation and produce items like the iPhone, iTunes, iPod and iPad, all of which became immensely popular across the globe. From Apple Computers, the company shifted to the name Apple, Inc. as it enabled buyers to understand that the company also produced other items apart from computers. ("Apple computer, inc.," 2011). Today Apple, Inc. is recognized as the world’s leading technology company and has a ubiquitous international presence. When one examines the financial figures from the time Jobs returned, the results are truly staggering. Essentially, he brought an organization from the brink of bankruptcy to one annually generating $25 billion dollars in net income and a stock valuation exceeding $400 ("Apple," 2011). Currently Apple competes in a variety of market sectors: mp3 players, smart phones, personal computers, tablets, and they are rumored to be e ntering into the television market (Elmer, 2011). It follows that the organization has a variety of competitors, including Microsoft operating systems, a glut of mp3 and

Edgar Allan Poe Writing Style Analysis

Edgar Allan Poe Writing Style Analysis Edgar Allan Poe (1809-1849) was an American author born in Boston. His use of terror and the supernatural made him famous as one of the popular gothic writers. Poe wrote numerous books and poems with some 18+ noted books to his credit. His mystery writing was recognised by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle as being exceptional and the ability to bring life into the characters portrayed. The life and works of Poe are particularly well explored in the book The political economy of literature in antebellum America by Terence Whalen. In addition the book Edgar Allan Poe: a biography by Milton Meltzer describes the literary works and criticism of Poes books and poems. INTRODUCTION Edgar Allan Poe was noted for his gothic horror style of writing. Nevertheless he also used his writing to express political sentiments, particularly that regarding racism, slavery and social distinctions in the Southern USA. This was compared to the situation in Europe with Poe supporting the concept of slavery. The author Toni Morrison in her book entitled Playing in the Dark identified Poe along with Mark Twain as an author whose work was haunted by blackness. Toni Morrison claims that no early American writer was more important than Poe in shaping a concept of American Africanism  [1]   The works of Poe were largely obscured for some 50 years after his death owing to copyright restrictions held by his Executor Dr. Rufus B Griswold. It is nearly fifty years since the death of Edgar Allan Poe, and his writings are now for the first time gathered together with an attempt at accuracy and completeness  [2]  . Despite the production of numerous poems Poe was best known for his genre of horror and science fiction novels and Walt Whitman  [3]  described his works as Poes verses illustrate an intense faculty for technical and abstract beauty, with the rhyming art to excess, an incorrigible propensity toward nocturnal themes, and a demoniac undertone behind every page. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ There is an indescribable magnetism about the poets life and reminiscences, as well as the poems  [4]  . Poes life was surrounded by tragedy with his parents passing away when he was just 3 years old. He became obsessive with drink and gambling and this resulted in his own rather obscure death as a drunk in Baltimore. Despite this his poems and novels that explored the conditions of the human psyche earned him international fame both during his life and after his death. He was viewed as a tortured soul who was obsessed with death, violence and a sense of the macabre yet still gained an appreciation for those mysteries that life had to offer. Poe was acknowledged by such notary poets as Longfellow, Wordsworth, Tennyson and Whitman. Despite his critics he left a legacy of gothic works that would later inspire film makers and other novelists in the horror and supernatural genre. Poe was acknowledged by the international community as an acclaimed writer of stories and poems in the gothic horror style. He was also critical of the political scene in light of the turbulent changes in the Southern USA. He brought a style of gothic writing in order to make statements and used the concept of terror, mystery and the supernatural to bring fear and terror to society. This paper explores the different examples of Poes writing and provides a modern interpretation of his different styles and uses. A cross-section of Poems, Short Stories in the genre of horror, mystery and terror. LITERATURE OF EDGAR ALLAN POE THE TELL TALE HEART The Tell-Tale Heart is a short story composed by Edgar Allen Poe. It is rather a ghoulish story concerning the murder of an old man who is dismembered and his body buried under floor-boards. The murder subsequently loses his sanity believing the heart of the old man is still beating under the floorboards. It talks of the old man having a Vulture Eye, the apparent reason for the pre-meditated murder. The conflict is on the murders insistence of his own sanity but in so doing it becomes self-destructive as the defence build-up the case to his ultimate admission of guilt. It is a saga of guilt, remorse and the dreadful concept of haunting of the human mind for an act so reprehensible. Clearly the murderer is the protagonist at the central theme of this story and the old man the antagonist by the concept of the vulture eye  [5]   As the sound of the old mans heartbeat gets louder. The murder becomes more paranoid and believes that others can hear it, including the police officers who are present at the scene of the crime. The illusion and paranoia eventually lead to the murder believing the police know that he is guilty and the murders tortured soul eventually leads him confessing his guilt of the crime. This leads the murder to the evidence and telling the police the whereabouts of the body and instruction to tear up the floor boards. The plot demonstrates the struggle between imagination and science. The old man the rationale scientific mind and the narrator the imaginative THE CASK OF AMONTILLADO The Cask of Amontillado was written by Edgar Allen Poe in 1846. It was developed as a short story in Godeys Ladys Book. The setting was in an unnamed city in Italy, the period was not indicated but assume somewhere in the 18th Century. The theme of this story is about REVENGE. During the 19th Century the people seemed to have a great interest in this subject matter and as such this was a popular tale. Poe was rather a dark or grim writer and this story was unveiled from the perspective of the murderer. Poe had the unique talent of being able to penetrate the inner mind and psychology of the murder and acts of insanity. From this he could create a graphical depiction of both horror and terror that leaves the sane reader aghast. The subject of revenge is particularly potent material and allows the writer to demonstrate the meaning of hatred and the steps someone would take in order to exact a terrible revenge. Characters in the story The story focuses around two main characters that of Montresor (Murderer) and his victim Fortunato, both men of noble birth. Montresor was extremely angry over some unspecified insult from Fortunato and as a result plans his murder. His aim or plan being to distract him during carnival time, when the festivities find the man in a drunken stupor, wearing the disguise of a jesters attire. The Plot Montresor captures the attention of Fortunato by describing a procurement of a very valuable cask of sherry the Cask of Amontillado and requires Fortunatos expert opinion on the quality of the wine. From this point he lures Fortunato through a series of subterranean passages beneath his Palazzo. When the two men reach the cellar containing the wine, Montresor grabs Fortunato and chains him to the wall and then proceeds to build a new wall and seal him in leaving him to die. In re-telling his story some 50 years later Montresor says he has never been captured and in so far as he knows the body of Fortunato still hangs suspended in the niche where it was bricked in all those years ago. The unrepentant murder stating In pace requiscat (may he rest in peace). The story undoubtedly had an influence on later writers This story and Poes other short fiction had an undisputed influence on later fiction writers. In the nineteenth century, Poe influenced Ambrose Bierce and Robert Louis Stevenson among others. Twentieth-century writers who have looked to Poe include science fiction writer H. P. Lovecraft and horror author Stephen King.  [6]   Analysis and Symbolism The theme and plot of the story is based upon murder and revenge. It is not a mystery or detection story, the mystery resides in the actual motives for which Montresor committed murder. Montresor indicated that he received a thousand injuries, although no substantive reasons were provided. The reader is left to determine the cause of the motives, including the probability that Montresor was in fact insane. There are some contradictions in the story, for example: Fortunato is introduced to the readership as a wine expert he becomes so drunk he would be unable to identify the Amontillado and treats De Grave, an expensive French wine, with little regard by drinking it in a single gulp  [7]   The tale also indicates that Montresor was of noble birth and yet he demonstrated brick laying skills, more normally associated with the working class. It is known that the author had knowledge of the subject matter in his personal life and as such appreciated the visual horrors of such an abstraction to his audience. Poe worked in the brickyard late in the fall of 1834.  [8]  Vincent Buranelli made a number of observations about the story and in more general terms about Poes morbid fascination with death. He expanded by saying how this had influenced musicians of the time including Debussy According to Vincent Buranelli, Poes short stories also influenced the music of Claude Debussy, who was haunted by the atmosphere of Poes tales, and the art of Aubrey Beardsley, as well as the work of other composers and artists in the United States, Great Britain, and in Europe.  [9]  The gothic style of Poes writing has a distinct sense of morbidity about it The thousand injuries of Fort unato I had borne as I best could; but when he ventured upon insult, I vowed revenge. You, who so well know the nature of my soul, will not suppose, however, that I gave utterance to a threat. At length I would be avenged.  [10]  The analysis of the phrase is interesting. It suggests a building of in sufferance from the relationship with Fortunato culminating in a final insult that threw Montresor into a fit of rage and ultimately to a plot of murder. For this to build into such a state illustrates the apparent lack of dialogue and trust between the two supposed friends. This also leads the reader to question the state of mind of Montresor and indeed question his very sanity. Richard P Benton (a noted writer on Poe) asserted that the character for Montessori was in actual fact based upon Claude de Bourdeille, Count of Montresor a political conspirator in the court of King Louis X111.  [11]   THE RAVEN The Raven was first published in 1845. It is regarded as a classic American poem. The poet describes that of a talking Raven which visits a distressed lover and ultimately traces the mans emotions as he steps into the depths of insanity. The man is considered to be a student who is lamenting over the loss of his lover called Lenore. The Raven is a mysterious bird symbolic of death and repeats the words never more. The man asks the Raven questions but it only answers Never more and as such he will never be reunited with his Lenore and his soul shall not be lifted Never more. At the time the poem came in for a fair amount of criticism, in addition to the acclaim from other poets. It was considered to be inspired by the work of Charles Dickens from his novel Barnaby Rudge. The Raven is considered to be a devil like creature that is symbolic of both black magic and the devil. The end result of the poem is that the student will never get over the grief for his lost Lenore. Lenore also tra nslates to Helen [Helen of Troy representing beauty] and the bust of Pallas is representative of the Greek goddess Athena [the goddess of wisdom]. This is symbolic of the fact that grief and sorrow displace wisdom and common sense in the mans life. This is a complex poem with many meanings. Poe was particularly artful at understanding ancient greek mythology and being able to both intertwin this with comparisons to characters in his own narrations. He demonstrated similar characteristics with figures out of European history and related these to American literature. It is important to understand that many of Poes readers were international and particularly from Europe where he had a large following. This translation therefore became an important part of reaching that audience. THE BLACK CAT Is a short story narrated by Poe. It was compiled in 1843 and falls under the horror genre. The story focuses upon the deteriorating life of an alcoholic but also it involves animal abuse and murder. It is useful to note that Poe himself had a serious drinking problem and in Baltimore he fell into bad company. This may well have influenced this work based upon his own shortcomings and fear of falling into madness as a result of alcoholism. The story is a mystery novel and about the unlocking of clues to a murder, as revealed by the mysterious black cat. It is the location of hidden objects that allow you to solve puzzles that allude to the murder. The cat is called Pluto [ Roman name for the God of the underworld] and symbolic of the devil and hell. The black cat is also associated with bad luck and misfortune. The cat is used to depict the insanity of the narrator as he spins out of control due to the worsening effects of alcoholism. This Gothic tale becomes all the more shocking as youre about to get inside the mind of an insane person and ultimately it leaves you to ponder the shocking story and the acts committed by the man i.e. The walling up of his wife and the black cat in the cellar. Poe was highly influenced by drink and opium and this may well account for his ability to graphically define horror, based upon the horrors that he experienced from drink and drugs. Opium was known for its hallucogenic qualities an d Poe had a love of cats; hence it becomes easier to understand how his mind finds it easier to start and unravel the workings of insanity and the unfortunate influences of advanced alcoholism. THE PIT AND THE PENDALUM The pit and the pendulum is another short story compiled by Poe in 1842. It tells the story of a young prisoner that is tortured as part of the Spanish inquisition. The story depicts what it is like to be tortured and attempts to place to reader in a state of fear, thereby appealing to the senses and sounds that hinge upon realism. The tall candles that are melting depict the prisoner and his life ebbing away with little hope of remission or rescue. The prisoner is locked in a dark prison which he thinks is his tomb. The prisoner becomes aware that he has been bound in a pit with a scythe like pendulum slowly swinging down towards him. This will be the instrument of his execution but the prisoner is able to attract rats to gnaw his bones and release him. He is finally rescued before the inner walls move inwards and force him to his death at the bottom of the pit. Although Poe takes historical license with the story it is widely held that the pit and pendulum were used in torture devi ces by the Spanish inquisition. The story was later made into a film starring the actor Vincent Price. Some have contrasted this work to the situation of slavery in the Southern States i.e. the concept of bondage and being a prisoner, the sense of life ebbing away with no remission from slavery, the torture being the lashing and brutality inflicted upon slaves by their masters and the final rescue being the freedom from slavery by the Northern Union Army at the end of the civil war. The comparison being the Spanish Inquisition to the plight of the slaves. FALL OF THE HOUSE OF USHER This story relates to the decline of a family and house [the House of Usher]. From the beginning the author paints a bleak view of rot and decay in a cold autumnal setting The novel compares the crumbling decay of the house to that of the family that dwells within. The characters Roderick and Madeleine are twins and represent the mental and physical decline of the family. Roderick believes that the stones of the house have a consciousness and as such they embody the fate of the Usher family. Within the novel Poe gets to grips with the inner workings of the human imagination and the destructive concepts that reside within. The results of this lead to mental illness and death from the torturous terror of the imagination. The house itself crumbles into the deep and dark tarn,  [12]  (Womak 2010) and depicts the narrator fleeing from madness in order to protect his own sanity. Some critics related this piece to the destruction of the plantations, properties and families in the Southern States by the persecution of the Northern Union armies. The crumbling decay of the house being that of the confederate states and how old ideas and families were being crushed under the concept of change by the slavery abolitionist movement of the North. The Facts in the Case of M. Valdemar This short story was first published in 1845. This tells the story of a dying man. A mesmerist places a man into a state of hypnosis shortly before his time of death. He examines the concept of hypnotizing a man dying of tuberculosis in order to see what happens to him. The man is left in the hypnotic state for seven months. The dying man (Valdemar) beckons to be woken or allowed to die by wagging his tongue. During the hypnotic state he was pale, cold and without pulse. As the hypnotist eventually wakes him Valdemars voice shouts Dead! Dead! And as he comes out of the trance his body instantly decays into a putrefied liquid mass of decayed material. Poe was known to have deeply studied medical tests and post mortem examinations and as such was able to assemble a picture of words in order to depict the horror and gore. Additional influence to this story might have been the suffering and death of his wife Virginia who died from Tuberculosis; having suffered to the point of her departu re. The Masque of the Red Death This popular short story follows the main character of Prince Prospero who tries to escape a plague called The Red Death, by hiding in his abbey with his noble friends. During this time they have a masked ball which covers many different coloured rooms. During the ball a strange masked figure enters the room dressed in a shroud like costume. This enrages Prospero who demands to know who this person is and wants him hanged. He ignores the Prince and this enrages Prospero who chases after him with a drawn dagger. Prospero confronts the stranger in the Black room and shortly after is found dead. The guests find both Prospero and the stranger on the floor. They remove the mask from the stranger only to find a faceless creature that is Red Death itself. After this all of the nobility succumb to the disease and are found dead. Although the disease is fictitious it might be symbolic of the Black Death that swept through the middle ages in Europe. The point made is that nobody ultimately esc apes death regardless of wealth or position. Death comes to us all in the end. Other theories are that Poe was influenced by the death of his wife Virginia and her suffering due to that of tuberculosis. The Murders in the Rue Morgue Poe first published this murder mystery in 1841 in Grahams Magazine. It tells the story of the brutal saying of two women in the Rue Morgue of Paris. One had her throat cut and the other strangled. This was one of the earliest detective novels that inspired fictional characters of Sherlock Holmes and Hercule Poirot. The central detective figure in this story being one Auguste Dupin. The detective found his first clue by discovering some hair that was not of human origin. In addition witnesses recounted having heard noises and sounds in a language that they had never heard before. Dupin suspected that this might be an Ourang-Outang and set about placing an advert for someone who might have lost such an animal. It was discovered that a sailor had brought one from Borneo and that the animal had escaped with a shaving razor. The animal emulating shaving on the victims. Poe wrote this story at a time when crime and detection was held in great fascination in both London and New York. It aimed at proving the point of brains over brawn i.e. the brains of the skilled detective versus the brute strength of the ape. Poe was said to have inspired Sir Arthur Conan Doyle (Sherlock Holmes) and Agatha Christie (great mystery and detective writer). Comparisons were made to the captivation and treatment of the Ape. As the Ape was brought from its native Borneo to a strange land and subjected to the dangerous practices of its captor (sailor); so the negro was transplanted from Africa to the plantations of the Americas and subject to the bondage and harsh treatment of his new master. The Premature Burial This short story was based upon the concept of being buried alive. It focuses upon a person who has been struck down with a condition called catalepsy which puts you into a death like trance. Here a person is buried alive and only at a later date when the tomb is opened is the accident revealed. Poe takes advantage of a fear that was prevalent amongst people of the 19th century in the concept of being buried alive. It again illustrates Poes fascination with the morbidity of death. The Imp of the Perverse This story is about that of an imp or demon that influences a person in order to conduct acts of mischief. The story starts with a candle, having been placed in the room of a victim, and omits a poisonous vapour. The leads to the death of the victim who reads at night by the candlelight in a poorly ventilated room. The narrator, being the murderer, believes he has got away with the crime after the coroner delivers a verdict of an act of god The narrator subsequently inherits the house and enjoys the benefits from the deed for many years to come. He feels that the only way he will ever be caught is that if he confesses the crime. He later finds himself running through the streets and confesses the deed to an invisible friend. This leads to him being tried, convicted and sentenced to death. The story is based upon the premise that all people lean towards self-destructive tendencies and that ultimately we cannot avoid the moral responsibility for the deed that we perform. Other critics have suggested that the story related purely to Poes life and his depiction of personal torment and self-destruction. It occurred at a time when he felt betrayed and held a public feud with the English poet Henry Longfellow. THE ANGEL OF THE ODD This was a satirical study narrated by Poe in 1844. The story is based upon a man who died after swallowing a needle accidentally. This results in the appearance of an odd character made of a keg and wine bottles (the angel of the odd), who is said to be the root cause of these bizarre events. The man is not convinced of the story and falls into a drunken stupor. The man later wakes up to find that his house is on fire and narrowly escapes death by clambering down a ladder from the upper window of the house. During the escape a hog brushes past the ladder causing the man to fall and break his arm. He later tries to woo two different women who laugh at his wig, this he was forced to wear after his hair was singed in the fire. All of these misadventures lead the man to feel he is cursed and he attempts suicide by drowning. During this incident a crow steals his clothes and the ensuing chase sees the man falling off a cliff only to be rescued by the rope hanging from a hot air balloon. At this time the angel of the odd re-appears and asks him to confess that bizarre events can really happen. The man refuses and the angel cuts the rope allowing the man to fall to his death. This is seen as the revenge of the angel. The story contains many parallels with Poes own life. In particular the results of his addiction with alcohol and possibly drugs. Opiate drugs of a hallucogenic nature were widely used at this time and particularly in sea ports like Baltimore where Poe lived for some time and was known to have become an alcoholic living amongst bad company. Poe was also considered to be a tortured soul of self-destructive tendencies. This contributed to his gothic style of writing. BERENICE Berenice was a horror story compiled by Poe in 1835 and follows the sag of one Egaeus destined to marry his cousin Berenice. His future bride is seen to deteriorate in health by an unknown disease that leaves only her teeth in a healthy state. Berenice dies and is buried leaving Egaeus with an obsession over her teeth. One day a servant enters his room to inform him that Berenices grave has been disturbed and she is still alive. Egaeus is found to have a box containing 32 blood stained teeth with a poem that tells of his visits to the grave of his beloved. This is clearly an indication of the insanity of Egaeus and his obsession with the only healthy remaining component of the teeth. Critics were shocked by the gruesome account and graphic horror of the story. They questioned Poes state of mind to write such stories. Poe may well have been influenced by the suffering of his wife Victoria and dyeing from Tuberculosis as she suffered an agonising and prolonged death. There is also some question over Poes sanity given his connection to drink, drugs and tendencies of self-destruction and his fascination with death. ELEONORA Eleonora tells the story of the narrator who resides with his cousin in the valley of the many coloured grass. It was considered to be an idyllic paradise of tropical birds, fragrant flowers, and softly running streams. Eleonora was ill and was beautiful only waiting to die. She did not fear death but only the loss of her lover from the valley to another. Once Eleonora dies the valley starts to fade and lose its splendour. The narrator leaves the valley and moves to a City where he meets and marries Emengarde. Eleonora visits the narrator from the afterlife and blesses the couple stating that they are absolved and the reasons would be made known in heaven. This has a direct correlation with the life of Poe and particular the suffering and death of his wife Virginia. During the time that she suffered for five years Poe lived with his younger cousin who later became his wife. It is the question of guilt and absolution from sins. Poe considering his feelings for the love of other women whilst his wife was dying. Poe was clearly tormented by the suffering of his wife. GOTHIC WRITING PERIOD SIGNIFICANCE The concept of gothic horror writing derives from the Germanic race of Goths or Visigoths in Europe. These people were well known in Europe as a fierce race of people that dealt in tales of death and the supernatural. Gothic writing has been associated with horror since the mid-18th Century. In particular the literary works of Edgar Allan Poe and Bram Stoker (the author of Dracula). The style of gothic writing gained its popularity during the period 1750-1820. In England the Bronte Sisters and particularly Emily with the story of Wuthering Heights. In the USA this was picked up in the South by such writers as William Faulkner and his book entitled A rose for Emile. Another was the Pulitzer Prize winning book of To kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee and made into a great film starring Gregory Peck. Poe believed his art-all art-should be evaluated by international, rather than national or regional, standards, but he was, nonetheless, frequently identified at the time with the South. He did not defend his regions politics or social customs, like other antebellum southern writers, but his lyricism was common to southern poets. Raised a Virginian, Poe sometimes posed as the southern gentleman, even if transcending regionalism in his work.  [13]   THE POLITICAL CHANGES IN THE SOUTH During the division between the North and Southern states it was widely held that Poe was politically motivated towards the South Certain scholars perceive this conflict in terms of a North-South division and view Poe as the representative of a southern literary tradition fighting against the domination of the New England literary circle.  [14]  Despite serving in the Union Army and spending time at West Point it was widely held that Poes sympathies remained with the south; based upon his formative years in Richmond Virginia. Poe became somewhat controversial in that he defended the point of view regarding slavery in the South. He drew parallels between ant-slavery agitation at the time of Cromwell (England) and the French Revolution. He pointed out that these were all about an attack on property; the excuse being the freedom of the slaves. He further stated that recent events in the West Indies and the Southern States all give rise to the potential recurrence of a property grab being initiated by Northern States land owners who are politically motivated. Poe went on to say that there existed a relationship between the slave and the master; the slave being very loyal to the Master. The Master in turn provided employment, shelter and security. Poe wrote this from the perspective of a southern family who had owned slaves. He was particularly vocal during his editorship of the Messenger in Virginia and he published a number of tablets referred to as Pinakidia.  [15]   Poe saw a trend in the market place where a huge number of publications were being sold that depicted the graphic horror of slavery. Poe utilized this trend in his own narration covering both the pro and anti-slavery viewpoints. As such many of his tales traded upon the terror of slavery. Poe masters the concept of slavery in order to invoke terror into his readers. In the story of Hop Frog he indicates how the literary market place turns the author into a slave for the voracious appetite of the audiences for horror.  [16]  Poe deals with the integration of slavery into that of racial stereotyping as seen in Murders in the Rue Morgue, the ape that has been captured and forced to respond to a strange land. CONCLUSIONS Edgar Allan Poe achieved greater acclaim as an author and a poet in international circles as opposed to in the USA. His literary executor Rufus Griswald was considered to be both jealous and an enemy of Poe. He branded Poe as a drunkard and opium addict and defamed him to American literary society. It was some 50 years after Poes death that the genius of his work started to receive international acclaim. Poe in a way went downhill after the death of his wife and he became much more involved

Full Disclosure

Full DisclosureFull disclosure is the reporting of any financial facts significant enough to influence the judgment of an informed reader. The Financial Accounting Board is responsible for establishing the rules and regulations in regards to a company providing full disclosure with their financial statements. The areas that are directly affected by the FASB include financial statements, notes to the financial statements and the supplementary information. Although these are the ones directly affected by the FASB, for a company to participate in full disclosure the company should also include other means of financial reporting and any other pertinent information. (Kieso, Weygandt, & Warfield, 2012).Interim ReportingEach business can use a different method of financial reporting so it is important ethically to report anything and everything that the â€Å"informed reader† will need to make a fair assessment of the business. According to the AICPA’s Special Committee on Fin ancial Reporting businesses must provide more forward looking information, focus more on the factors that create longer term value and better align information that is reported externally with the information reported internally.For a business to be able to have up to date information it is important to have interim reports. Interim reporting will break down the length of time between the reporting which in turn will give a better forecast. As part of an interim report the following will be disclosed the sales or gross revenues, basic and diluted earnings per share, seasonal revenue, costs or expenses, significant changes in estimates or provisions for income taxes, disposal of an extraordinary item, contingent items, changes in accounting principles and significant changes in financial reporting. As important as interim reporting is a business does want to stay away from information overload, in which the informed reader  becomes inundated with information not necessary to unders tand the reports. (Kieso, Weygandt, & Warfield, 2012).Notes to the Financial StatementsPart of full disclosure is the notes to the financial statements. These notes explain what has been presented in the financial statements. The notes should include the following major disclosures: inventory, property, plant equipment, creditor’s claims, equity holder’s claims, contingencies, commitments, fair values, deferred taxes, pensions, leases and any changes in accounting principles. It is also important to include the way the business reports their finances.Full disclosure includes the disclosing of any special transactions or events. These transactions should include any related party transactions which is when a company engages in a transaction in which one of the parties has the ability to significantly influence the policies of the other. It is necessary to report the economic portion of these transactions and not the legal portion. The economic portion should include the parties’ description of transactions for each of the periods that income statements are presented.This portion also includes the dollar amounts for which income statements are presents as well as the amounts due from or to the related parties as of the date each balance sheet is presented. The special events would include the subsequent events which take place at the time of the balance sheet but have not been included in the numbers as well as non-subsequent events which take place after the date of the balance sheet and still need to be considered. (Kieso, Weygandt, & Warfield, 2012).Segmented InformationSegmented information is an important part of full disclosure with major companies. The GAAP requires that a company choose one method of segmentation. In the Manager approach there are specific operating segments. The three parts of an operating segment are information regarding the activities from which there are revenues and expenses, results that are regularly reviewed by the comptroller to assess performance and resources, and the information that is generated by the internal financial reporting  system.An enterprise must report general information about the operating segments, segment profit and loss and related information, segment assets, reconciliations, information about products, services and geographic areas, and major customers. (Kieso, Weygandt, & Warfield, 2012).Final ReportsFull disclosure reporting should include the auditor’s unbiased report, the manager’s report, a financial forecast as well as a financial projection. The reason the auditor’s report should be included is to show that an unbiased opinion has gone over the financial reports and concludes that the company is above board. The manager’s report is important because it will show favorable or unfavorable conditions regarding the liquidity, capital resources and the results of operation. The financial forecast with the financial projection will give the informed reader a grasp of where the company is heading. (Kieso, Weygandt, & Warfield, 2012).Full Disclosure IncreaseFull disclosure has increased in the last ten years due to the FASB’s new rules in the last ten years. The need for these rules have become transparent due to the recent businesses in the news who have chosen to do illegal financial reporting which has ended with many people losing their places of employment as well as all of their money. (Kieso, Weygandt, & Warfield, 2012).ConclusionIn conclusion, full disclosure is important so a company has to answer for the reports they are filing. Full disclosure can protect the company as well as the public if done properly. The FASB has had an important part in the full disclosure laws. As long as there is not an information overload then the informed reader should be able to read a company’s reports and see where they have been, where they are, and where they are going.

What Role Does Social Class and Class Ambiguity Play in...

What role does social class and class ambiguity play in Wuthering Heights? The social class and class ambiguity in Emily Brontes novel Wuthering Heights is a key aspect when following the plot. When Heathcliff is first introduced Hindley, Hindley shows characteristics of dominants and superiorness. Bronte shows that Thrushcross Grange is a far superior manor to the farmhouse at Wuthering Heights by Catherines reasoning for marring Edgar. This outlines the difference in social class between the two manors. The differences between the house occupants and the servants show the differences in social class and class ambiguity. Without the different roles of social class and class ambiguity the tail of Wuthering Heights would not be one†¦show more content†¦Heathcliff is a key example of how Wuthering Heights doesnt comply with the norm the era. Back in the 1800 it was the believe that what social class someone was born into was the class they were to stay in. Heathcliff begins life in the lowest class but when he is taken in to Wuthering Heights he mov es up the hierarchy. Despite Hindley forcing him to work as a slave he still has an ambition to continue up the hierarchy. Heathcliff defies the norm and becomes very high up the social hierarchy. Heathcliff is forced to work in fields for his now master Hindley. He becomes a servant and not a family member. Nelly is another servant who acts to shows the difference between the social classes in Wuthering Heights. She has responsibilities that resemble a mother but yet has to work for her place in the manor. The occupants of the house treat the servants in an interesting way. Hindley doesnt believe servants should be educated and therefore doesnt let them read. This shows the difference in the social class in just one house. When Catherine gets back from spending time at Thrushcross Grange the others she a big change in her â€Å"..instead of a wild, hatless little savage jumping into the house, and rushing to squeeze us all breathless, there lighted from a handsome black pony a very dignified person, with brown ringlets falling from the cover of a feathered beaver, and a long cloth habit, which she was obliged to hold up with both handsShow MoreRelatedEssay on Early Criticisms Of Wuthering Heights by Emily Bronte2511 Words   |  11 PagesWuthering Heights was first published in 1847 with the author’s name given as Ellis Bell. Wuthering Heights was actually written by Emily Bronte, but she adopted a male alias as female authors rarely got published. Her work was praised for the imagination used, but criticised for its moral ambiguity. Wuthering Heights challenged Victorian ideals and this shocked its first critics. The fact that Emily Bronte felt the need to use a male alias is an indication of how she feared the public wouldRead MoreEssay Prompts4057 Words   |  17 Pagessaid, â€Å"Literature is the question minus the answer.† Choose a novel or play and, considering Barthes’ Observation, write an essay in which you analyze a central question the work raises and the extent to which it offers any answers. Explain how the author’s treatment of this question affects your understanding of the work as a whole. Avoid mere plot summary. You may select a work from the list below or another novel or play of comparable literary merit. Alias Grace Middlemarch All the King’s